От apple16
К All
Дата 18.11.2002 11:50:47
Рубрики Современность; Флот;

Самый тяжеловооруженный артиллерийский корабль современности :)

ALMIRANTE GRAU
General Specifications
Operator: Peru
Type: Cruiser, gun-armed (CG)
Class: ALMIRANTE GRAU
Purchased: 1
Active: 0
Displacement:
standard: 9,529 t
full load: 12,165 t
Dimensions:
Length: 190.3 m (624.5 ft)
Beam: 17.3 m (56.7 ft)
Draught: 6.7 m (22 ft)
Speed: 32 kts
Range: 7,000 n miles at 12 kts
Complement: 953 (49 officers)

ALMIRANTE GRAU (CLM 81)
Built as De Ruyter (C-801)
Builder Wilton-Fijenoord, Schiedam, Netherlands
Laid down 5 Sep 1939
Launched 24 Dec 1944
Commissioned (RNethN) 18 Nov 1953
Transferred to Peru 7 Mar 1973
Commissioned (Peru) 23 May 1973 (Almirante Grau (CLM 81))
WEAPONS SYSTEMS
SURFACE TO SURFACE MISSILES (SSM)
OTOBREDA/Matra Otomat Mk 2 (TG 1)
Eight OTOBREDA Otomat launchers are mounted, in two groups of four, either side of the mainmast.
These were removed from frigates. The Mk 2 is specifically designed to receive mid-course guidance
from a helicopter to achieve its maximum capability, but as Almirante Grau does not carry a helicopter
it must be assumed that a helicopter from another ship will be given the task.
Specifications
Length: 4.46 m (14.6 ft)
Diameter: 46 cm (1.51 ft)
Wing span: 1.36 m (4.46 ft)
Weight:
missile, without boosters: 762 kg (1,680 lb)
missile, with boosters: 770 kg (1,698 lb)
warhead: 201 kg (443 lb)
Range: 86 n miles (160 km)
Speed: Mach 0.9
Guidance: Inertial and active radar homing
Manufacturer/Contractor
OTOBREDA (formerly OTO Melara) Rome, Italy.

GUNS
Bofors 152 mm L/53 medium-calibre dual-purpose guns
With the retirement of the US Navy's battleships the Peruvian cruisers have the heaviest gun armament
of any warship afloat. Almirante Grau retains four twin turrets, each equipped with two Bofors TAK
152 mm/53 guns. The weapons for the Dutch cruisers were produced in the late 1940s and were based
on the TAK 152 L/53 produced in 1942 for the Swedish `Tre Kronor' class cruisers. The TAK 152 fires
semi-fixed ammunition based upon a 46 kg (101 lb) projectile.
Specifications
Calibre: 152 mm (6 in)
Length of barrel: 53 calibres
Muzzle velocity: 900 m/s (2,953 ft/s)
Range: 25,970 m (28,400 yd)
Traverse: 360º
Elevation: -10 to +60º
Shell: 45.8 kg (101 lb)
Cartridge: 32.56 kg (71.8 lb)
Rate of fire: 10 rds/min/barrel
Manufacturer/Contractor
Bofors Ordnance
Sweden.

Bofors 40 mm/70
Eight Bofors 40 mm guns are installed in single mounts, four forward abreast the bridge, and four aft.
Specifications
Traverse: 360º (nominal) at 90º/s
Elevation: -3 to +85º at 60º/s
Rate of fire: 300 rds/min
Muzzle velocity: 1,005-1,025 m/s (3,297-3,363 ft/s)
Max range:
anti-surface: 6.5 n miles (12 km)
anti-air: 2.2 n miles (4,000 m)
Ammunition weight: 2.4 kg (5.29 lb)
Projectile weight: 0.96 kg (2.11 lb)
Crew: 4

DEPTH CHARGES
Two racks.

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS
ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES (ECM)
DAGAIE countermeasures system
The DAGAIE launcher comprises 6 or 10 munition containers, each of which is loaded with either IR or
chaff rockets.
The firing sequence runs automatically and is triggered on a missile alarm from a variety of sources,
such as radar, ESM systems, or optical sights, thus providing a very short reaction time. The firing
direction is optimised in accordance with the threat bearing, wind-speed and direction, ship heading and
speed data.
The launching of radar and IR decoys is so arranged that advanced mixed-guidance missile systems
cannot discriminate between them and thus collocation of both decoys is achieved. The installation is a
double mounting and comprises: (a) two trainable mountings carrying 10 replaceable containers
(suitcases), each of which is loaded with either IR or I/J-band chaff projectiles.
A wide range of ammunition by Etienne Lacroix Défense provides seduction, distraction and
seduction/dissimulation modes. The electromagnetic decoys are normally based upon aluminised glass
fibre chaff with rapid bloom time and they cover the I and J frequency bands. The infra-red decoys
cover both the 3-5 and the 8-14 µm bands.
Specifications
Traverse: 330º at 21º/s
Average reaction time: Within 4 s
REM rocket dimensions: 850 × 127 mm (33.5 × 5 in)
Rocket weight: 13 kg (28.66 lb)
Container dimensions: 900 × 130 mm (35.4 × 5.1 in)
Container weight: 20 kg (44.1 lb)
LIR/LEM container dimensions: 780 × 630 × 134 mm (30 × 24.8 × 5.3 in)
Container weight: 54 kg (119 lb)
Manufacturer/Contractor
CSEE Défense
Paris, France.

CSEE Sagaie
One CSEE Sagaie 10-barrelled trainable decoy launcher. SAGAIE (Système d'Autodéfense pour la
Guerre Infra-rouge et Electromagnetique) provides protection against incoming missiles guided by
electromagnetic (EM) or infra-red (IR) seekers, or any combination of these two, even when the
missiles are attacking simultaneously over the entire horizon. SAGAIE is fully automatic from the
reception of a missile threat alarm and optimises the use of decoys in a very short reaction time firing
either EM or IR decoy rocket type ammunition.
Specifications
Range:
chaff: 4.3 n miles (8 km)
IR flares: 1.6 n miles (3 km)
Manufacturer/Contractor
CSEE Défense
Courtaboeuf, France.
COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
COMBAT DATA SYSTEMS
Signaal SEWACO/Foresee-PE
Dutch electronics company Hollandse Signaalapparaten BV (Signaal) has developed a family of
command and weapon control systems known as SEWACO (SEnsor Weapon control And COmmand),
although strictly, this designation is only for ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The Almirante Grau
is fitted with one of the export derivatives of this system, designated the Command, Communications,
Control and Co-ordination system, usually known as `4C' (Foresee).
At the heart of the SEWACO is the C 2 system, which is designed to present raw and/or processed
sensor data from search and fire-control radars together with IFF, sonar, electronic warfare and
electro-optic systems to create a picture of the tactical situation. The data may also be used to designate
targets to weapon systems and to assist in operations with auxiliary functions such as ASW helicopter
direction and tactical navigation.
The Peruvian ship has an SMR-MU micro-mainframe computer for general purpose, real-time,
processing. Software is written in RTL-2, with Assembler being used for high-speed data processing.
Foresee uses the CIDIS (Combat Information Display System).
Manufacturer/Contractor
Hollandse Signaalapparaten BV
Netherlands.
WEAPONS CONTROL
HSA Lirod 8 optronic directors
There are two LIROD (Lightweight Radar Optronic Director) lightweight fire-control systems based
upon a K-band tracking radar and a TV camera. These are designed to provide simultaneous control for
two dual-purpose guns, while tracking one air and one surface target and may be used either as
stand-alone units or to complement the fire-control systems. The system reaction time from detection to
the beginning of the engagement is about 4.5 seconds. The radar has a 0.6 m (2.0 ft) diameter parabolic
antenna with monopulse cluster and a very narrow pencil beam, and is resistant to clutter through the
application of pulse Doppler tracking combined with FFT techniques. There are also sophisticated
ECCM facilities. The radar can track fighter-size targets up to 18 km away and is capable of tracking
targets with a maximum speed of 1,000 m/s (3,281 ft/s). In addition to the radar there is a militarised TV
camera with CCIR standard video format, which can detect fighter-size targets at about 10 km and large
surface ships at about 20 km.

Specifications
Director
Traverse: 360º/s
Elevation: -25 to +150º (-30 to +85º)
Traverse speed: 120º/s
Elevation speed: 80º/s
Radar: K band
Field of view:
TV camera: 3-30º (2-20º)
IR camera: 3º
Laser rangefinder
Pulse length: 20 ns
Max repetition frequency: 10 Hz
Beam divergency: 1.2-1.5 mrad
Laser tracker
Max repetition frequency: 25 Hz
Beam divergency: 1.5 and 6 mrad
Manufacturer/Contractor
Hollandse Signaalapparaten BV
The Netherlands.
RADARS
Set LW 08 DA 08 Type 1226 WM25 STIR
Company HSA HSA Racal/Decca HSA HSA
Role Air search Surface search/ Navigation Fire control Fire control
target indication (152 mm guns) (40 mm guns)
Band D E/F I I/J I/J/K
Range 145 n miles for
2 m 2 92 n miles 25 n miles (46 km) 76 n miles (140
km)
target at 85,000
ft
Beam 2.2 × csc 2 to 40º 1.5 × csc 2 to 40º 1.2º 1.5 × 4.7º 1.4º
Peak power 150 kW 145 kW 25 kW 200 kW 220 kW
Gain 30 dB 33 dB 30 dB 33.5 dB
Pulsewidth 35/69 µs 35/69 µs 0.05/0.25/1 µs 0.22/0.45 µs 0.29 µs
PRF 1,000/500 pps 1,000/500 pps 3,600/1,800 pps 1,800/3,600 pps
Scan rate 7.5/15 rpm 10/20 rpm 28 rpm 60 rpm
SONAR

EDO CWE-610
The EDO hull-mounted CWE-610 low-frequency (LF) sonar was specially designed by EDO for the
RNethN and was installed in Almirante Grau during its Dutch service. Maximum range is 29,261 m
(32,000 yd) and it can handle targets moving at up to 40 knots.
Manufacturer/Contractor
EDO
Government Systems Division, College Point, New York, USA.
PROPULSION
Specifications
System: Steam turbines
Boilers: 4 Werkspoor-Yarrow three-drum boilers
Main machinery: 2 De Schelde-Parsons geared steam turbines; 62.5 MW (85,000 shp)
Shafts: 2
FURTHER INFORMATION
PROGRAMME
The Peruvian Almirante Grau is the last of the traditional gun-armed, armoured cruisers to serve in any
navy, although it is uncertain whether or not it will return to service. The ship was built for the Royal
Netherlands Navy (RNethN) and was one of two `Provincien' class cruisers authorised in 1938 for
service in the Dutch East Indies. Both were laid down in 1939, but the work slowed down during the
German occupation. The future Almirante Grau was, however, given an `Atlantic bow' (that is, more
raked and with greater flare) as a result of the adverse experiences of the straight-stemmed German
battleships and cruisers in the heavy weather of the North Atlantic during the early days of the war.
The design was then recast with British help during 1945-46, principally to incorporate wartime
lessons, and construction restarted in 1947. This ship was launched as De Ruyter in 1953 and it was
planned at one stage that, like De Zeven Provincien, it would be converted to operate/Terrier SAMs.
The expense proved too great and, in the event, De Ruyter was not converted, serving out her time as a
gun-armed squadron flagship.
De Ruyter was sold to Peru on 7 March 1973 and commissioned as Almirante Grau on 23 May 1973.
MODERNISATION
Almirante Grau was given a minor refit on transfer in 1973, but in March 1985 it was taken in hand for
a two and a half year modernisation by Amsterdam Dry Dock Co. The original plan was that this
modernisation would include reconditioning the mechanical and electrical engineering systems, fitting
of SSM and SAM, replacement of electronics and installing one CSEE Sagaie and two Dagaie
launchers. In 1986, however, financial constraints limited the work, although much had already been
done to update sensors and fire-control equipment. The ship sailed for Peru on 23 January 1988 without
her secondary gun armament, and with the balance of work to be completed at Sima Yard, Callao, Peru.
The Peruvian Navy is known to have plans to replace the Otomat launchers by Exocet SSM launchers
taken from the Peruvian `Ferre' class destroyers (former British `Daring' class). It has yet to be
confirmed that this has been done.


The Peruvian cruiser Almirante Grau has the heaviest gun armament of any
current warship: eight Bofors 152 mm/53 in four twin turrets. There are also eight
Otomat Mk 2 anti-ship missiles, with four mounted on a new platform deck either
side of the after mack. The large `egg' atop the bridge houses the Signaal WM25
fire-control radar, while the DA-08, also from Signaal, is at the head of the
foremast mounted on top of a large cabin. Secondary armament is not fitted (J L
M van der Burg)


Stern view of Almirante Grau shows the after twin 152 mm turrets, Signaal STIR
radar, and Signaal LW-08 air search radar (J L M van der Burg)


This picture illustrates an unusual Peruvian Navy tradition. The ship clearly has
a hangar indicating that it is Aguirre, the helicopter carrier, but the pennant
number (81) is that of the gun-armed Almirante Grau. The explanation is that
Peruvian law requires that there always be a ship named Almirante Grau in the
active list, so that when the original Almirante Grau (CLM 81) was in refit from
1985 to 1988, Aguirre (CH 84) temporarily assumed the other ship's identity, as
seen here


Almirante Grau (Ian Sturton) 1 Twin 152 mm (6 in) 53 guns 2 Signaal LIROD 8
optronic directors 3 Signaal STIR 4 Signaal LW-08 air search radar 5 Signaal
DA-08 surface search radar 6 Signaal WM 25 fire-control director 7
Racal-Decca 1226 navigation radar 8 Bofors 40 mm/70 9 OTOBREDA
OTOMAT Mk 2
© 1998 Jane's Information Group
От yaejom
К apple16 (18.11.2002 11:50:47)
Дата 18.11.2002 12:49:35

Кстати, у Перу самая сильная в Лат.Америке группировка ПЛ (-)
От Exeter
К apple16 (18.11.2002 11:50:47)
Дата 18.11.2002 12:35:23

Вот перуанский сайт про него

Здравствуйте, уважаемый

http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/cockpit/5857/bap81.htm

Ну, до нашей "победы техники над человеком" ему далеко :-))))

С уважением, Exeter
От knight777
К apple16 (18.11.2002 11:50:47)
Дата 18.11.2002 12:17:44

а говорят "динозавры" вымерли:-) (-)
От Рыжий Лис.
К apple16 (18.11.2002 11:50:47)
Дата 18.11.2002 11:52:46

Вах! И нафига это чудо Перу? Наркоторговцев ловить? (-)
От Exeter
К Рыжий Лис. (18.11.2002 11:52:46)
Дата 18.11.2002 12:35:58

Против заклятых друганов - чилийцев (-)
От reinis
К Exeter (18.11.2002 12:35:58)
Дата 18.11.2002 13:24:27

да, против еквадроа как то флот не изпользовали (-)